کتابشناسی اسلام در آمریکا

این اثر تدوین یافته‌ی سوزان مک‌کی در ۱۹۹۴ است که در آن فهرستی از آثار اروپایی انتشار یافته در موضوع اسلام در آمریکا ارائه شده است.

ورود به صفحه این کتابشناشی از اینجا

ISLAM IN AMERICA: BIBLIOGRAPHY

(begun in 1994 by Susan McKee)

 Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem. “Leap of Faith,” in Steven Barboza, American Jihad: Islam After Malcolm X. New York: Doubleday, 1993: 213-220.

Abraham, Nabeel. “The Yemeni Immigrant Community of Detroit: Background, Emigration, and Community Life,” in Sameer Y. Abraham and Nabeel Abraham, eds., Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab-American Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies, 1983: 109-134.

Abraham, Sameer Y. “Detroit’s Arab-American Community: A Survey of Diversity and Commonality,” in Sameer Y. Abraham and Nabeel Abraham, eds., Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab-American Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies, 1983: 84-108.

_____ and Nabeel Abraham, eds. Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab-American Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies, 1983.

_____, _____, and Barbara Aswad. “The Southend: An Arab Muslim Working-Class Community,” in Sameer Y. Abraham and Nabeel Abraham, eds., Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab-American Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies, 1983: 163-183.

Abu-Laban, Baha, and Michael W. Suleiman, eds., “Arab Americans: Continuity and Change” [special issue on this topic], Arab Studies Quarterly 2 (Spring/Summer 1989).

Ahmad, Mirza Ghulam Hazrat. “The Existence of God,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 135-141.

_____. “Hear! Ye Christian of Europe and America! and Ye Seekers after Truth!” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 133-4.

Ahmed, Gutbi Mahdi. “Muslim Organizations in the United States,” in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed., The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 11-24.

Al-Amin, Imam Jamil [Abdullah]. Revolution by the Book: The Rap is Live. Beltsville, Md.: Writers’ Inc. International, 1993.

_____. “Brand-New Old Revolution” in Steven Barboza, American Jihad: Islam After Malcolm X. New York: Doubleday, 1993.

Alford, Terry. Prince Among Slaves: The True Story of An African Prince Sold Into Slavery in the American South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Al-Shingiety, Abubaker. “The Muslim as the ‘Other’: Representation and Self-Image of the Muslims in America,” in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed., The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 53-61.

Ansari, Zafar Ishaq. “The Religious Doctrines of the Black Muslims of America: 1930-,” Journal, Institute of Muslim Minority         Affairs 2 and 3 (Winter 1980-Summer 1981): 199-201.

_____. “W.D. Muhammad: The Making of a ‘Black Muslim’ Leader (1933-1961),” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 2 (1985): 245-262.

Armstrong, Karen. Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.

Ashabranner, Brent. An Ancient Heritage: The Arab-American Minority. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991.

Aswad, Barbara C., ed., Arabic Speaking Communities in American Cities. New York: Center for Migration Studies of New York/Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1974.

Austin, Allan D. African Muslims in Antebellum America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1984.

“Autobiography of Omar ibn Said, Slave in North Carolina, 1831,” The American Historical Review 30 (July 1925):787-795.

Bagai, Leona B. The East Indians and the Pakistanis in America. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company, 1967.

Barazangi, Nimat Hafez. “The Education of North American Muslim Parents and Children: Conceptual Change As a Contribution to Islamization of Education,” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 7 (1990): 385-402.

_____. “Islamic Education in the United States and Canada: Conception and Practice of the Islamic Belief System,” in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed., The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 157-174.

Barboza, Steven. American Jihad: Islam After Malcolm X. New York: Doubleday, 1993.

Battle, DuWayne. “The Influence of Al-Islam in America on the Black Community.” The Black Scholar (January/February 1988): 33-41.

Bernstein, Richard. “A Growing Islamic Presence: Balancing Sacred and Secular.” The New York Times (printed in Chicago). 2 May 1993: 1Y, 14-15Y.

Berry, Mary Frances, and John W. Blassingame. Long Memory: The Black Experience in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Betts, Robert Brenton. The Druze. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.

Beynon, Erdmann Doane, “The Voodoo Cult Among Negro Migrants in Detroit,” American Journal of Sociology 42 (May 1938): 894-907.

Bhatti, F.M. “Muslims in the West: A Research Project,” Journal, Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs 2 and 3 (Winter 1980-Summer 1981): 202-204.

Blassingame, John W. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South (Revised & Enlarged Edition). New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Blyden, Edward W. Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race [1887]. Edinburgh: University Press, 1967.

Braden, Charles S. “Islam and Brotherhood,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 142-4.

Braswell, George W., Jr. Understanding Sectarian Groups in America. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman Press, 1986.

Breitman, George. The Last Year of Malcolm X: The Evolution of a Revolutionary. New York: Pathfinder, 1967.

Bromley, David G., and Phillip E. Hammond, eds. The Future of New Religious Movements. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1987.

Burley, Daniel. “Foreword: The Truth About Muhammad,” in Elijah Muhammad, Message to the Blackman in America. Newport News, Va.: United Brothers Communications Systems, 1965: xiii-xxiv.

Byars, Carlos [Houston Chronicle]. “Pig organs cultivated for transplants”, The Indianapolis Star, 8 November 1993, D-2.

Cebula, Judith. “A Nation Divided,” The Indianapolis News 10 March 1994: A1-A2.

Chafe, William H. The Unfinished Journey: America Since World War II. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Country by Country Outline Survey of Muslim Minorities of the World. Karachi, Pakistan: Motamar Al-Alam Al-Islami (World Muslim Congress), 1977.

Cronon, Edmund David. Black Moses: The Story of Marcus Garvey. Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin, 1955.

Davis, Philip, ed. Immigration and Americanization: Selected Readings. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1920.

Elkholy, Abdo A. The Arab Moslems in the United States. New Haven, Conn.: College & University Press, 1966.

Esposito, John L., ed. Voices of Resurgent Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Essien-Udom, E.U. Black Nationalism: A Search for An Identity in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

Farrakhan, Louis. Seven Speeches by Minister Louis Farrakhan, National Representative of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. Newport News, Va.: Ramza Associates & United Brothers Communications Systems, 1974.

Fauset, Arthur Huff. Black Gods of the Metropolis: Negro Religious Cults of the Urban North. New York: Octagon Books, 1874.

Finke, Roger, and Rodney Stark. The Churching of America 1776-1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy. New Brunswick,    N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992.

Frazier, E. Franklin. The Negro Church in America. New York: Schocken Books, [1964] 1974.

_____. “The Negro in the United States,” in Andrew W. Lind, ed., Race Relations in World Perspectives: Papers Read at the Conference on Race Relations in World Perspective. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1955: 339-370.

Gaustad, Edwin S. “America’s Institutions of Faith: A Statistical Postscript,” in William G. McLoughlin and Robert N. Bellah, eds., Religion in America. Boston: Beacon Press, 1968.

Genovese, Eugene D. Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Vintage Books, 1976.

Glassé, Cyril. The Concise Encyclopaedia of Islam. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991.

Goldschmidt, Arthur, Jr. A Concise History of the Middle East. 4th ed. Boulder, Co.: Westview ress, 1991.

Gordon, Milton M. Human Nature, Class, and Ethnicity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck. “Arab Muslims and Islamic Institutions in America: Adaptation and Reform,” in Sameer Y. Abraham and Nabeel Abraham, eds., Arabs in the New World: Studies in Arab American Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies, 1983: 64-81.

_____. “Muslims in America: A Select Bibliography,” The Muslim World LXXVI (1986): 93-122.

_____, ed. The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

_____ and Adair T. Lummis. Islamic Values in the United States: A Comparative Study. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

_____ and Jane Idleman Smith. “The Druze in North America,” in The Muslim World, Vol. LXXXI, No. 2 (April 1991): 111-132.

_____ and _____. Mission to America: Five Islamic Sectarian Communities in North America. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993.

Haiek, Joseph R., ed. The American Arabic Speaking Community 1975 Almanac. Los Angeles: The News Circle, 1975.

_____, ed. Arab American Almanac (Third Edition). Glendale, Calif.: The News Circle Publishing Co., 1984.

Hakim, Jameela A. “History of the First Muslim Mosque of Pittsburgh, Pa.,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 153-163.

Halaby, Raouf J. “Dr. Michael Shadid and the Debate over Identity in The Syrian World” in Eric J. Hooglund, ed., Crossing the Waters: Arabic-Speaking Immigrants to the United States Before 1940. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987: 55-68.

Halasa, Malu. Elijah Muhammad: Religious Leader. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990.

Haley, Alex, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, New York: Ballantine, 1992.

Harsham, Philip. “Arabs in America: One Arab’s Immigration,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 74-76.

Hashem, Mazen. “Assimilation in American Life: An Islamic Perspective,” The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 8 (1991): 83-97.

Hassan, Riffat. “What Does it Mean to Be a Muslim Today?” Cross Currents Fall 1990: 302-313.

Henry, William A., III. “Pride and Prejudice,” Time 28 February 1994: 20-27.

Herberg, Will. Protestant, Catholic, Jew. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1960.

Hermansen, Marcia K. “Two-Way Acculturation: Muslim Women in America Between Individual Choice (Liminality) and Community Affiliation (Communitas),” in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed. The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 188-201.

Hinnells, John R., ed., The Penguin Dictionary of Religions: From Abraham to Zoroaster. London: Penguin Books, 1984.

Holt, Marilyn Irvin, “West to Indiana on the Orphan Trains,” Traces, 5 (Fall 1993): 30-37.

Hooglund, Eric J., ed. Crossing the Waters: Arabic-Speaking Immigrants to the United States Before 1940. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987.

_____. “From the Near East to Down East: Ethnic Arabs in Waterville, Maine” in Eric J. Hooglund, ed., Crossing the Waters: Arabic-Speaking Immigrants to the United States Before 1940. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987: 85-103.

Hourani, Albert. “Race and Related Ideas in the Near East,” in Andrew W. Lind, ed., Race Relations in World Perspective: Papers Read at the Conference on Race Relations in World Perspective. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1955: 116-144.

Huntington, Samuel P. “The Coming Clash of Civilizations–Or, the West Against the Rest,” The New York Times 6 June 1993: E19.

John, Sarah E. “Arabic-Speaking Immigration to the El Paso Area, 1900-1935,” in Eric J. Hooglund, ed., Crossing the Waters: Arabic-Speaking Immigrants to the United States Before 1940. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987: 105-117.

Johnson, Steven A. “Political Activity of Muslims in America,” in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed., The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 111-124.

Jones, Charles Colcock. The Religious Instruction of the Negroes in the United States. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969          [Savannah: Thomas Purse, 1842].

Kaba, Lansiné. “Americans Discover Islam through the Black Muslim Experience,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 25-33.

Kamel, Abdul Aziz. Islam and the Race Question. Safat, Kuwait: Islamic Book Publishers, 1982.

Kettani, M. Ali. Muslim Minorities in the World Today. London: Mansell Publishing Limited, 1986.

Khalaf, Samir. “The Background and Causes of Lebanese/Syrian Immigration to the United States Before World War I” in Eric J. Hooglund, ed., Crossing the Waters: Arabic-Speaking Immigrants to the United States Before 1940. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987: 17-36.

Köszegi, Michael A. “The Sufi Order in the West: Sufism’s Encounter with the New Age,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 211-222.

_____, and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992.

Lincoln, C. Eric. The Black Church Since Frazier. New York: Schocken Books, 1974.

_____, ed. The Black Experience in Religion. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1974.

_____. The Black Muslims in America. (rev. ed.). Boston: Beacon Press, [1961] 1973.

_____. My Face Is Black. Boston: Beacon Press, 1964.

_____. The Negro Pilgrimage in America. New York: Bantam Books, 1967.

_____. Race, Religion, and the Continuing American Dilemma. New York: Hill and Wang, 1984.

Lind, Andrew W., ed. Race Relations in World Perspective: Papers Read at the Conference on Race Relations in World Perspective (1954). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1955.

Lomax, Louis E. When the Word is Given (A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, and the Black Muslim World). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, [1963] 1979.

[Lord, Lewis, and Jeannye Thornton with Alejandro Bodipo-Memba]. “The legacy of Malcolm X: He terrified whites and turned Negroes into African Americans,” U.S. News & World Report (23 November 1992): 76-84.

Lovell, Emily Kalled. “Islam in the United States: Past and Present,” in Earle H. Waugh and others, eds., The Muslim Community in North America. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1983: 93-110.

Mallon, Elias D. Neighbors: Muslims in North America. New York: Friendship Press, 1989.

Mamiya, Lawrence H. “From Black Muslim to Bilalian: The Evolution of a Movement,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 164-183.

Marable, Manning. “In the business of prophet making,” New Statesman. 110 (13 December 1985): 23-25.

_____. Race, Reform and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945- 1982. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1985.

Marsh, Clifton E. From Black Muslims to Muslims: The Transition from Separatism to Islam, 1930-1980. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, 1984.

Maududi, Sayyid Abul A’La. Towards Understanding Islam. Lahore: Islamic Teaching Center, [1977] 1988.

McLoughlin, William G., and Robert N. Bellah, eds. Religion in America. Boston: Beacon Press, 1968.

Mehdi, Beverlee Turner, ed. The Arabs in America 1492-1977: A Chronology & Fact Book . Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications Inc., 1978.

Melton, J. Gordon. “Another Look at New Religions” in Wade Clark Roof, ed., Religion in the Nineties: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, May 1993: 97-112.

_____. The Encyclopedia of American Religions (Third Edition). Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1989.

Moore, Kathleen M. “The Case for Muslim Constitutional Interpretive Activity in the United States,” American Journal of Islamic        Social Sciences Vol. 7, No. 1 (1990): 65-75.

_____. “Muslims in Prison: Claims to Constitutional Protection of Religious Liberty,” in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed., The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 136-156.

_____. “New Claimants to Religious Tolerance and Protection: A Case Study of American and Canadian Muslims,” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 1 (1989): 135-142.

Moore, R. Laurence. Religious Outsiders and the Making of Americans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Oxford History of the American People. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Morris, Richard B., ed. Encyclopedia of American History. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.

Moses, Wilson Jeremiah. Black Messiahs and Uncle Toms: Social and Literary Manipulations of a Religious Myth. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1982.

Muhammad, Akbar. “Review of E. Allen Richardson’s Islamic Cultures in North America,” Journal, Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs 3 (Winter 1981): 282-5.

Muhammad, Elijah. How to Eat to Live (Book No. 1). Newport News, Va.: The National Newport News and Commentator, 1967.

_____. How to Eat to Live (Book No. 2). Newport News, Va.: The National Newport News and Commentator, 1972.

_____. Message to the Blackman in America. Newport News, Va.: United Brothers Communications Systems, [1965] 1992.

_____. Our Savior Has Arrived. Newport News, Va.: United Brothers Communications Systems, [ca. 1992?] n.d.

_____. The Supreme Wisdom: Solution to the so-called NEGROES’ Problem. Newport News, Va.: The National Newport News and Commentator, 1957.

Myers, Walter Dean. Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1993.

Naff, Alixa. “Arabs in America: A Historical Overview,” in Sameer Y. Abraham and Nabeel Abraham, eds., Arabs in the New World: Studies on Arab-American Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies, 1983: 8-29.

_____. Becoming American: The Early Arab Immigrant Experience. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985.

Noorzoy, M. Siddieq. “Islamic Laws on Riba [Interest] and Their Full Economic Implications,” in Earle H. Waugh and others, eds., The Muslim Community in North America. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1983: 50-72.

Nu’Man, Imam Muhammad Armiya. What Every American Should Know About Islam & The Muslims. Jersey City, N.J.: New Mind Productions, 1989.

Nyang, Sulayman S. “Convergence and Divergence in an Emergent Community: A Study of Challenges Facing U.S. Muslims,” in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed. The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 236-249.

_____. “Islam in the United States: Review of Sources,” Journal, Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs 2 and 3 (Winter 1980-Summer 1981): 189-198. [reprinted in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1992: 3-24.]

Nydell, Margaret K. Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Westerners. Yarmouth, Me.: Intercultural Press, 1987.

Orfalea, Gregory. Before the Flames: A Quest for the History of Arab Americans. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988.

Perry, Bruce. Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America. Barrytown, N.Y.: Station Hill Press, 1991.

Pipes, Daniel. In the Path of God: Islam and Political Power. New York: Basic Books, 1977.

Quarles, Benjamin. Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.

Raboteau, Albert J. Slave Religion: The “Invisible Institution” in the Antebellum South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Riazi, Shahab. “The Malcolm X conversion,” The Purdue Exponent. 9 November 1993: 6.

Richardson, E. Allen. East Comes West: Asian Religions and Cultures in North America. New York: Pilgrim Press, 1985.

Roof, Wade Clark, ed. Religion in the Nineties: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, May 1993.

_____. “Toward the Year 2000: Reconstructions of Religious Space” in Wade Clark Roof, ed., Religion in the Nineties: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, May 1993: 155-170.

Rummel, Jack. Malcolm X: Militant Black Leader. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989.

Said, Edward W. Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. New York: Pantheon Books, 1981.

Saliba, Najib E. “Emigration from Syria,” in Sameer Y. Abraham and Nabeel Abraham, eds., Arabs in the New World: Studies in Arab-American Communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies, 1983: 30-43.

Shaheen, Jack G. The TV Arab. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1984.

Simpson, George Eaton. Black Religions in the New World. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.

_____ and J. Milton Yinger, Racial and Cultural Minorities: Third Edition, New York: Harper & Row, 1965.

Sowell, Thomas. Ethnic America. New York: Basic Books, 1981.

Stark, Rodney. “How New Religions Succeed: A Theoretical Model,” in David G. Bromley and Phillip E. Hammond, eds., The Future of New Religious Movements. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1987: 11-29.

_____ and William Sims Bainbridge. The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival and Cult Formation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.

Stone, Carol L. “Estimate of Muslims Living in America,” in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, ed., The Muslims of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 25-26.

Suleiman, Michael W. “Arab-Americans: A Community Profile,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 49-   ۵۸.

Turner, Lorenzo Dow. Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect. New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1969.

Violett, B.J. “Bookshelf: Books by Faculty, Staff, and Alumni,” UCLA Magazine (Fall 1993): 43.

Von Der Mehden, Fred. “American Perceptions of Islam,” in John Esposito, ed., Voices of Resurgent Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Waugh, Earle H., Baha Abu-Laban and Regula B. Qureshi, eds. The Muslim Community in North America. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1983.

_____, Sharon McIrvin Abu-Laban and _____, eds., Muslim Families in North America. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1991.

Webb, Mohammad Alexander Russell. “The Spirit of Islam,” in Michael A. Köszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992: 34-41.

Whyte, Abbie. “Christian Elements in Negro American Muslim Religious Beliefs,” Phylon Vol. XXV, No. 4 (1964): 382-388.

Williams, Raymond Brady. Religions of Immigrants from India and Pakistan: New Threads in the American Tapestry. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Wilmore, Gayraud S. Black Religion and Black Radicalism: An Interpretation of the Religious History of Afro-American People, 2d. ed. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1983.

Wolfe, Michael. The Hadj: An American’s Pilgrimage to Mecca. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1993.

Wuthnow, Robert. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988.

Yinger, J. Milton. The Scientific Study of Religion. New York: The Macmillan Company,1970.

Zepp, Ira G. Jr. A Muslim Primer: Beginner’s Guide to Islam. Westminster, Maryland: Wakefield Editions, 1992.